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The Logic of Year round schooling
By Thomas Siegal
The Logic of Year Round Schooling
Each year, more schools across the United States are switching from the traditional summer vacation-based school calendar into a newer system called Year-Round Education, which will henceforth be referenced as YRE. The phrase may sound scary, but it does not mean that the school year is lengthened; YRE is a simple rearrangement of the currently existing number of school days in the United States into an alternative calendar with shortened summer vacation and more multi-week breaks throughout the year. Proponents of the switch to YRE usually argue three basic points: Schools on a YRE calendar save money, improve student achievement, and allow more students to attend school in any given building. Studies have shown that these arguments are truer for some schools than others, but sometimes not true at all. There are cases where a switch to YRE has increased costs of operation and/or correlated with lower student performance. Additionally, opponents of YRE say that it places a heavier burden on teachers and administrators, such as school principals. The effectiveness of switching to YRE seems to depend on the circumstances of each individual district or school. The facts will demonstrate that year round schooling is the logical choice for certain schools, particularly those which are overcrowded.
One often cited point against YRS is that it threatens teachers and administrators. It is argued that teachers and administrators need the vacation time in order to avoid staff “burn-out,” which is bad for running an effective school. School employees are said to gain many benefits from a summer vacation, and many believe this necessarily translates into more effective student outcomes. For many teachers, summer vacation has become an important time to earn additional income and/or taking college courses to enhance their qualifications. One study published in an article titled “Now Is the Time for Rear Round School” reported that roughly 30 percent of teachers take extra jobs in the summer as a second source of income (Doyle and Finn). If the switch to YRS reduces the ability for teachers to earn supplemental income, a year-round school could be less competitive in attracting good teachers. Staff development, teachers taking college courses, might also become very difficult without a summer vacation, because local colleges have schedules that do not accommodate the schedules of teachers at year-round schools. There do appear to be some reasonable criticisms, on behalf of teachers and administrators, of the YRE switch.
Fortunately, the staff-based objections to YRE haven’t been as scary in reality as they might sound. No survey or study has produced general agreement that year-round schools cannot attract or retain talented teachers, even though many have tried. That more such surveys are done each year without producing an anti-YRE consensus ought to underli
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Work Cited
Entine, Jon. “Tight Regulation of Stem Cell Research Prevents Investment Required for
Progress.” Scientific Research, edited by Sylvia Engdahl, Greenhaven Press, 2015.
Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010948218/OVIC?u=saintpaul_edu&xid=b5a9bced.
Accessed 12 Nov. 2017. Originally published as “Should the Government Loosen Ethical
Oversight of Stem Cell Research?” www.geneticliteracyproject.org, 11 Mar. 2013.
International Society for Stem Cell Research. “Research Is Needed to Prove the Effectiveness of
Various Stem Cell Therapies.” Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells, edited by Susan C.
Hunnicutt, Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010580219/OVIC?u=saintpaul_edu&xid=b6e4aed9.
Accessed 5 Nov. 2017. Originally published as “Top Ten Things to Know About Stem
Cell Treatments,”, 6 Dec. 2012.
Lynas, Mark. “We Must Stop Trying to Engineer Nature.” Genetic Engineering, edited by Noël Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010138293/OVIC?u=saintpaul_edu&xid=d4f63454. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017. Originally published in The New Statesman, 26 Feb. 2007.
Neaves, William B. “Adult Stem Cells Are Not More Promising than Embryonic Stem Cells.” Stem Cells, edited by Jacqueline Langwith, Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010453228/OVIC?u=saintpaul_edu&xid=386bca0b.
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Prentice, David A. “Adult Stem Cells Are More Beneficial than Embryonic Stem Cells.” Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells, edited by Susan C. Hunnicutt, Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010580220/OVIC?u=saintpaul_edu&xid=14246c1c. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017. Originally published as “Adult Stem Cell Treatments Move Ahead, Embryonic Stem Cells Fall Farther Behind,”, 24 May 2012.
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Title Page
Your research paper is required to have a title page. It’s page that comes before the introductory paragraph of your paper. It doesn’t have to be fancy, but there are templates in Microsoft Word if you wish to have an image.
Since you have a title page, do not include your name, my name, class name, and date in the upper left-hand corner of page 1. However, you should have the title repeated and centered on page 1.
Otherwise, the title page has to have your name, the title of your research paper, the class name, and date. If you format the title page yourself, you can use any font style or size. You can insert a page border or any image that you think is relevant to your topic. There aren’t any artistic rules for the title page as long as you have the four required items listed above.
Try to exclude the title page as part of page numbering. It isn’t page 1. It comes before page 1.
How to Insert Page Numbers
Your research paper is required to have the pages numbered. Here are the directions to insert page numbers in your research paper.
In a Micosoft document, go to the tab at the top called “Insert”
Select “Top of Page” and “Plain number 1”
That will put your cursor into the header section with the number 1 showing.
Type your last name and then space
Put the cursor in front of your name and select “Insert alignment tab” and “Right”
That should move your name and the page number to the right side of the paper. You should have page numbers on each page after that.
Possible Complications
If you’re creating your paper in a google doc or in Microsoft online. The insert page number feature is there, but some of the process is slightly different.
If you are formatting your research paper with the title page included, when you insert the page numbers, you also have to select “Different first page.” The title page is outside of the page numbering.
Possible Solution to the Above Complications
Try your best with the page numbering. Realize it doesn’t have to be perfect.
Argumentative Research Paper Requirement
Argumentative Research Paper: Four to five pages (not including the title page or works cited page). 150 points
The draft is due for peer and instructor review on Sunday, July 11th.
Final papers are due in the D2L assignment folder on Friday, July 23rd by 11:59 p.m.
· Your paper will be evaluated and graded in the following areas according to the criteria as listed:
Content =90 points is based on the following things:
1. An engaging introduction about your controversial issue with a thesis that states your position on it. Refer to
Writing Introductions
2. Developed body paragraphs that have topic and concluding sentences.
3. Your side of the argument should be supported by at three or four different points, and you should demonstrat
Argumentative Research Paper: Four to five pages (not including the title page or works cited page).
Final papers are due in the D2L assignment folder on Friday, July 23rd by 11:59 p.m.
· Your paper will be evaluated and graded in the following areas according to the criteria as listed:
Content =90 points is based on the following things:
1. An engaging introduction about your controversial issue with a thesis that states your position on it. Refer to
Writing Introductions
2. Developed body paragraphs that have topic and concluding sentences.
3. Your side of the argument should be supported by at three or four different points, and you should demonstrate knowledge about the subject.
4. Describe at least two reasonable points on the other side of the issue (your opposition). You may include more than two, but two of them must be reasonable.
5. The usage of transitions where needed.
6. The paper must have a clear pattern of organization.
7. You must cite or refer to all of the sources you listed on your works cited page with a signal phrase and a parenthetical reference. There is a minimum of three outside sources, but no more than eight. At least three of your sources have to be reliable and scholarly in nature, such as the sources from Opposing Viewpoints or the Academic Search Premier.
8. A concluding paragraph.
Grammar =35 points:
The paper must be edited for spelling, grammar and punctuation. Keep your tone formal and objective. That means omitting second person references, abbreviations, and slang.
Format =25 points is based on the following things:
· Correct MLA style in-paper citation, including signal phrases and parenthetical references when necessary. Refer to in Paper Citations Guidelines and student research paper examples.
· Works Cited page (total of 15 points for this). See the Works Cited Guidelines on page 634 and designated student research papers for examples.
· A title page
· Pages must be numbered. (See student paper examples)
· Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman 12-point font
· Use paragraph format with an indent
· Use one inch margins around the paper
Sayon 2
Olando M Sayon
Mary Crispin
ENGL 1711-03
July 11, 2021
Hi Orlando,
Your draft is somewhat well developed, but you need a stated thesis. It seems like you are in favor of keeping the grey wolf on the endangered species list, but it’s not directly stated in your introduction. If you are arguing in favor of the Act, you need to reorganize your argument points to lead with the opposition. I left you feedback in various places within your draft. Other than reorganization, you will need to include your references inside the paper with signal phrases and parenthetical information. There are a few paragraphs where you have obviously included outside ideas, but no mention is made as to the source. Remember too that even when you paraphrase, you have to state whose idea it is.
Gray Wolf
Wildlife is a term used to refer to undomesticated animal species. Still, it has expanded to encompass all creatures that develop or survive in the wild without being adopted by people. In all habitats, wildlife may be found as they play a critical to maintaining environmental balance. Various natural processes are sustained thanks to wildlife. For emotional and sociological purposes, wildlife and nature have been closely connected with people. We are also a part of the species that helps to maintain the planet’s natural balance. As with the law of nature, it is critical to note that some animal species are more endangered than others either due to their economic values or other factors supported by nature (Pyšek, Petr, et al.). You need to include a signal phrase that shows where this information begins. Usually people include the author’s name in the signal phrase and the article title at the end in parenthesis. An endangered species is a living creature that is on the verge of extinction. Species become endangered due to several factors, for example, habitat degradation and genetic variety decline. Use more common language to describe the factors for the diminished animal population. What is habitat degradation or genetic variety decline? The wolf is a big canine indigenous to North and South America. It is sometimes known as the gray wolf or grey wolf. There are more than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus and gray wolves, as they are often known. They are also regarded as non-domestic/wild subspecies. In recent times there have been debates on whether the gray wolf should be classified as endangered species in the country or not. Both parties have substantial evidence and arguments to support their claims begging the question, who among these groups have the correct argument? For example, those of us who argue that the gray wolf should be classified as an endangered animal present the following arguments. You need a stated revision that asserts what side your paper is arguing. Are you in favor of keeping the wolf on the endangered species list or should they be taken off this list?
If you are opposing this topic, the wolf should be on the en
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